V-Shaped Recovery

Rapid economic recovery after a sharp decline, resembling a V shape.

V2X (Vehicle-to-Vehicle or Vehicle-to-Infrastructure)

Technology for vehicle communication, impacting insurance and transportation costs.

VA Loan

Mortgage guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, offering favorable terms.

Vacancy Rate

Percentage of unoccupied rental units, affecting real estate revenue.

Vacation Home

Secondary home for leisure, impacting taxes and investment returns.

Validation Code

Security code, like on credit cards, for transaction verification.

Valoren Number

Unique identifier for Swiss securities, used in trading and settlement.

Valuable Papers Insurance

Coverage for important documents, like deeds, against loss or damage.

Valuation

Estimating an asset’s worth, using methods like DCF or comparables.

Valuation Analysis

Process of determining asset value, using financial models or metrics.

Valuation Clause

Insurance policy provision setting value for covered property.

Valuation Mortality Table

Actuarial table estimating life expectancy for insurance pricing.

Valuation Period

Timeframe for assessing an asset’s value, like in appraisals.

Valuation Premium

Additional bond value above par, due to favorable terms.

Valuation Reserve

Funds set aside for potential asset value declines, like in banking.

Value

Worth of an asset, based on market, intrinsic, or perceived metrics.

Value Added

Increase in product worth from processing or services, boosting revenue.

Value Added Monthly Index (VAMI)

Tracks investment performance, assuming reinvested returns over time.

Value-Added Network (VAN)

Network enhancing financial transactions, like EDI for payments.

Value-Added Resellers (VAR)

Firms adding features to products, like software, for resale.

Value-Added Tax (VAT)

Tax on value added at each production stage, common globally.

Value at Risk (VaR)

Statistical measure of potential portfolio loss over a set period.

Value Averaging

Investment strategy adjusting contributions to target a value path.

Value-Based Pricing

Pricing based on perceived customer value, not just costs.

Value Chain

Series of activities adding value to a product, impacting profitability.

Value Change

Fluctuation in asset value, driven by market or economic factors.

Value Date

Date when a transaction’s funds are available or settled.

Value Deflation

Decline in asset or product value, often due to market conditions.

Value Engineering

Cost-cutting while maintaining product quality, used in financial planning.

Value Fund

Mutual fund investing in undervalued stocks for long-term growth.

Value Investing

Buying undervalued securities, like stocks, for potential appreciation.

Value Line Composite Index

Index tracking a broad range of U.S. stocks, equally weighted.

Value Network

Interconnected system of firms or assets creating value, like supply chains.

Value Network Analysis

Assessing relationships in a value network to optimize financial outcomes.

Value of Risk (VOR)

Quantifying financial risk to inform investment or hedging strategies.

Value Proposition

Unique benefits a financial product or service offers customers.

Value Reporting Form

Insurance form adjusting coverage based on reported asset values.

Value Stock

Stock trading below intrinsic value, appealing to value investors.

Value Trap

Stock appearing undervalued but with poor fundamentals, risking losses.

Valued Marine Policy

Marine insurance specifying cargo value, ensuring fixed payouts.

Valued Policy Law (VPL)

State law requiring insurers to pay full policy value for total losses.

Canadian Securities Exchange (CSE)

Canadian exchange for small-cap and emerging companies, including cannabis stocks.

Vandalism and Malicious Mischief Insurance

Coverage for property damage from vandalism or intentional acts.

Vanguard Exchange-Traded Funds

ETFs offered by Vanguard, tracking indices with low fees, like VTI.

Vanilla Option

Standard call or put option with no special features.

Vanilla Strategy

Simple investment approach, like buy-and-hold, avoiding complexity.

Vanishing Premium

Life insurance where dividends or returns cover premiums over time.

Types of Life Insurance

Includes term, whole, universal, and variable, each with unique features.

VantageScore

Credit scoring model using payment history, utilization, and other factors.

Variability

Degree of fluctuation in financial metrics, like returns or prices.

Variable Annuitization

Converting annuity savings into variable income streams based on investments.

Variable Annuity

Annuity with returns tied to investment performance, offering flexibility.

Variable Benefit Plan

Pension plan with benefits varying by investment returns, not fixed.

Variable Cost

Costs changing with production levels, like raw materials.

Variable Cost-Plus Pricing

Pricing covering variable costs plus a markup, ensuring profitability.

Variable Cost Ratio

Variable costs divided by sales, measuring cost efficiency.

Variable Coupon Renewable Note (VCR)

Note with renewable terms and variable interest rates, tied to benchmarks.

Variable Death Benefit

Life insurance payout varying with investment performance, like in VUL.

Variable Interest Entities (VIE)

Entities controlled via contracts, not ownership, common in international finance.

Variable Interest Rate

Interest rate fluctuating with market conditions, like LIBOR or SOFR.

Variable Life Insurance

Life insurance with investment options, allowing policyholder control.

Variable Overhead

Indirect costs varying with production, like utilities, in manufacturing.

Variable Overhead Efficiency Variance

Difference between actual and budgeted variable overhead based on activity.

Variable Overhead Spending Variance

Difference between actual and budgeted variable overhead costs.

Variable Prepaid Forward Contracts

Agreements to sell stock at a future date with variable terms.

Variable Price Limit

Flexible price cap in trading, adjusting with market conditions.

Variable-Rate Certificate of Deposit

CD with interest tied to market rates, offering variable returns.

Variable-Rate Demand Bond

Bond with adjustable interest rates, redeemable on demand.

Variable Rate Demand Note (VRDN)

Short-term note with variable rates, often used by municipalities.

Variable Rate Mortgage

Mortgage with interest rates that fluctuate, impacting payments.

Variable Ratio Write

Options strategy selling varying numbers of calls per underlying shares.

Variable Survivorship Life Insurance

Insurance covering two lives, with adjustable investment-based benefits.

Variable Universal Life Insurance (VUL)

Flexible life insurance combining universal and variable features, investment-driven.

Variance Equation

Formula measuring data spread, used in financial risk analysis.

Variance Inflation Factor

Statistic measuring multicollinearity in regression, impacting financial models.

Variance Swap

Derivative betting on an asset’s volatility, paying based on variance.

Variation Margin

Additional funds required to maintain margin accounts during price swings.

Vasicek Interest Rate Model

Model predicting interest rate movements, used in bond pricing.

Vault Receipt

Document proving storage of commodities, like gold, for financial transactions.

Veblen Good

Luxury good with demand increasing as price rises, defying economics.

VeChain

Blockchain platform for supply chain tracking, used in trade finance.

Vega

Option sensitivity to volatility changes, measuring price impact.

Vega Neutral

Options strategy balancing vega to offset volatility risk.

Vehicle Excise Duty (VED)

UK tax on vehicles, based on emissions or type, impacting costs.

Velocity of Money

Rate at which money circulates in the economy, affecting inflation.

Vendor

Supplier of goods or services, critical in supply chain finance.

Vendor Financing

Seller providing credit to buyers, facilitating sales, like equipment loans.

Vendor Note

Loan from a seller to buyer, often for equipment or property purchases.

Venn Diagram

Visual tool showing overlapping relationships, used in financial analysis.

Venture Capital

Funding for startups with high growth potential, often equity-based.

Venture-Capital-Backed IPO

IPO of a company funded by venture capital, like tech startups.

Venture Capital Funds

Pooled investments for startups, managed by VC firms.

Venture Capital Trust (VCT)

UK tax-advantaged fund investing in small businesses, offering dividends.

Venture Capitalist (VC)

Investor providing capital to startups, seeking high returns.

Venture Philanthropy

Applying VC principles to nonprofit funding, focusing on social impact.

Altcoins

Cryptocurrencies other than Bitcoin, like Ethereum or VeChain.

Versioning

Offering product variations at different prices, maximizing financial returns.

Vertical Analysis

Financial statement analysis comparing items as percentages of a base figure.

Vertical Equity

Tax principle where higher earners pay higher rates, promoting fairness.

Vertical Integration

Controlling multiple supply chain stages, like production and distribution.

Kagi Charts

Technical charts showing price trends, ignoring time, for trading signals.

Vertical Market

Industry-focused market, like financial software, serving specific niches.

Vertical Merger

Merger between companies at different supply chain stages, like supplier-buyer.

Vertical Spread

Options strategy using calls or puts with different strike prices.

Vertical Well

Traditional oil/gas well drilled straight down, impacting production costs.

Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT)

Satellite communication system, supporting financial transactions in remote areas.

Vest Fleece

Slang for exploiting vesting schedules to gain unearned stock benefits.

Vested Benefit

Earned retirement plan benefit, non-forfeitable even if employment ends.

Vested Benefit Obligation (VBO)

Pension liability for vested benefits, used in plan funding.

Vested Interest

Secured right to an asset or benefit, like in trusts or pensions.

Vesting

Earning rights to benefits or stock over time, like in 401(k) plans.

Veterans Administration

Synonym for U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, offering VA loans.

Veterans Group Life Insurance (VGLI)

Life insurance for veterans, convertible from military coverage.

Vetting

Due diligence process, like screening investments or borrowers.

Viager

French real estate sale where buyer pays seller a lifelong annuity.

Viatical Settlement

Selling a life insurance policy for cash, typically for terminally ill.

Viator

Person selling their life insurance policy in a viatical settlement.

Vicarious Liability

Responsibility for another’s actions, like employers for employees, impacting finance.

Vice Fund

Fund investing in industries like tobacco or gambling, seeking high returns.

Video Conferencing

Remote meeting technology, reducing travel costs in financial operations.

Vienna Stock Exchange (WBAG) .VI

Austria’s primary stock exchange, trading equities and bonds.

Vintage

Year an asset or investment, like wine or bonds, was issued.

Vintage Year

Year a private equity or venture fund begins investing, for performance tracking.

VINX 30

Nordic stock index tracking 30 major companies in the region.

Viral Marketing

Marketing leveraging social sharing, boosting brand or financial product reach.

Viral Website

Site gaining rapid popularity, potentially monetized for financial gain.

Virtual Assistant

Remote worker handling financial or administrative tasks, reducing costs.

Virtual Currency

Digital money, like Bitcoin, not issued by central banks.

Virtual Data Room (VDR)

Secure online platform for sharing financial documents, like in M&A.

Virtual Good

Digital products, like in-game items, generating revenue in virtual economies.

Virtual Office

Remote workplace reducing overhead, used by financial startups.

Virtual Reality

Technology creating immersive experiences, impacting financial training or marketing.

Vis Major

Unavoidable event, like natural disasters, excusing contract obligations.

Visa Card

Credit/debit card issued by Visa, widely used in financial transactions.

Visibility

Transparency of financial or operational data, boosting investor confidence.

Visible Supply

Inventory of goods available for sale, impacting commodity prices.

Vision Care Insurance

Coverage for eye exams, glasses, or contacts, reducing personal costs.

Visual Basic for Applications (VBA)

Programming tool for automating financial tasks, like Excel modeling.

Vitalik Buterin

Ethereum co-founder, influential in blockchain and crypto markets.

VIX (CBOE Volatility Index)

Measures S&P 500 implied volatility, known as the “fear index.”

VIX Option

Option on the VIX, used to hedge or speculate on volatility.

Vladimir Lenin

Russian revolutionary, his policies influenced socialist economic systems.

Vocational Degree

Job-specific education, impacting earning potential in financial sectors.

Voice-over-Internet Protocol (VoIP)

Internet-based phone system, reducing communication costs for businesses.

Void Contract

Invalid agreement, unenforceable due to legal flaws, like missing terms.

Void Transaction

Canceled financial transaction, reversing charges or trades.

Voidable Contract

Valid contract that one party can cancel, like for fraud or coercion.

Volatility

Degree of price fluctuation in an asset, indicating risk.

Volatility Arbitrage

Trading strategy exploiting differences between implied and actual volatility.

Volatility Quote Trading

Trading based on volatility quotes, common in options markets.

Volatility Ratio

Technical indicator comparing price ranges to signal volatility changes.

Volatility Skew

Asymmetry in implied volatility across option strike prices.

Volatility Smile

U-shaped pattern of implied volatility across strike prices in options.

Volatility Swap

Derivative paying based on an asset’s realized volatility.

Volcker Rule

Dodd-Frank rule limiting banks’ speculative trading to reduce risk.

Volume

Number of shares or contracts traded in a period, indicating activity.

Volume Analysis

Studying trading volume to predict price movements or trends.

Volume Discount

Price reduction for buying in bulk, lowering transaction costs.

Volume of Trade

Total quantity of securities traded, reflecting market liquidity.

Volume Price Trend Indicator (VPT)

Technical indicator combining price and volume to confirm trends.

Volume Weighted Average Price (VWAP)

Average price weighted by volume, used as a trading benchmark.

Volumetric Production Payment (VPP)

Payment for future commodity production, used in energy financing.

Voluntary Accidental Death and Dismemberment Insurance (VAD&D)

Optional coverage for accidental death or injury, often employee-provided.

Voluntary Accumulation Plan

Flexible investment plan for regular contributions, like mutual funds.

Voluntary Bankruptcy

Filing for bankruptcy by the debtor, seeking debt relief.

Voluntary Compliance

Adhering to tax or regulatory rules without enforcement, avoiding penalties.

Voluntary Conveyance

Transferring property to a creditor to settle debt, avoiding foreclosure.

Voluntary Employees' Beneficiary Association (VEBA)

Trust funding employee benefits, like healthcare, tax-advantaged.

Voluntary Employees Beneficiary Association Plan

Synonym for VEBA, providing tax-free employee benefits.

Voluntary Export Restraint (VER)

Agreement limiting exports to avoid trade disputes, impacting markets.

Voluntary Foreclosure

Borrower surrendering property to lender, avoiding formal foreclosure.

Voluntary Lien

Consensual claim on property, like a mortgage, securing debt.

Voluntary Life Insurance

Optional life insurance offered through employers, employee-funded.

Voluntary Liquidation

Company choosing to wind down operations and distribute assets.

Voluntary Plan Termination

Ending a pension plan, distributing or transferring assets to participants.

Voluntary Reserve

Funds voluntarily held by banks, beyond required reserves, for stability.

Voluntary Simplicity

Lifestyle reducing consumption, impacting personal finance and savings.

Voluntary Termination

Employee choosing to leave a job, affecting benefits or severance.

Voluntary Trust

Trust created willingly by a grantor, often for estate planning.

Vomma

Option sensitivity to changes in implied volatility, a second-order Greek.

Voodoo Accounting

Manipulative accounting practices to inflate earnings, often unethical.

Voodoo Economics

Derogatory term for trickle-down economics, criticized for favoring the wealthy.

Vortex Indicator (VI)

Technical indicator using price highs/lows to identify trend reversals.

Vostro Account

Bank account held by one bank for another, used in correspondent banking.

Voting Shares

Stocks granting voting rights, influencing corporate governance.

Voting Trust

Shareholders transferring voting rights to a trustee for unified control.

Voting Trust Agreements

Contracts creating a voting trust, outlining terms for shareholder votes.

Voting Trust Certificate

Document proving ownership in a voting trust, issued to shareholders.

Voucher

Document authorizing payment or proving a transaction, like a receipt.

Voucher Check

Check with detachable voucher detailing payment purpose, used in payroll.

Voyage Policies

Marine insurance covering specific trips, not time-based.

Vulture Capitalist

Investor buying distressed assets at low prices for profit.

Vulture Fund

Fund investing in distressed securities or companies, seeking high returns.

VWAP Cross

Trading strategy executing orders when price crosses VWAP, optimizing trades.

VXN (CBOE Nasdaq Volatility Index)

Measures implied volatility of Nasdaq-100 options, indicating tech market fear.